'迷你豪宅' - 盲人的可视化辅助

我的妻子起诉，完全是盲目的。

我们发现3D打印允许创建Sue可以感受到其形状的欣赏的模型。

要更新旧的谚语，“一个3D模型胜过千言万语”。

For example, we enjoy science fiction and I have printed 3D models of several spacecraft:

'狂欢'来自亚马逊Prime系列'广袤'

'救星'来自BBC系列'布拉斯7.'.

'Serenity'来自系列'萤火虫'.

These ships would be very difficult to describe in words so the models provide excellent visualisation aids for Sue. I printed these models from 3D files downloaded from the internet:

Rocinante：https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2060060

救星：https://www.thingsiverse.com/hoth:1622169

宁静：https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2851469

What other models would be useful to a visually impaired person? It occurred to me that despite the fact we have lived in our house for over 30 years, Sue had no real appreciation of the outside shape of the building. I decided to create a 3D model of the house to remedy this.

由此产生的模型使Sue允许真正了解她生活的地方。

这种指示描述了使用自由设计软件制作3D文件的过程以及我们房屋的微型版本的打印。

这是我在大的挑战中的进入 - 如果你发现这种可指示的有趣，请留言！

第一个要求是产生的our house with dimensions.

A few years ago we added a conservatory (garden room) to the building and the designer produced drawings with many of the required measurements. Using this as a starting point, and measuring the missing dimensions myself, I produced the attached drawing using AutoCAD LT 2022.

The drawing has sufficient dimensions to allow a model of the house to be produced.

下一步是解决房屋如何分成可以在3D软件中单独创建的简单块。

第一张图片显示了这些块的分解图。需要九个街区：

A-D是长方体（拉伸立方体）

E-H are wedges

我是一条楔子，顶端以一定角度切开以产生温室屋顶形状。

块的尺寸以毫米为单位示出。

Microsoft3D Builder是一个简单的3D设计程序免费提供：Microsoft 3D Builder.

在3D Builder中创建一个古代模型：

点击New Scene.

点击Insert menu and select立方体- First picture.

点击规模icon at the bottom of the screen (square with arrows pointing away from the corners).

Enter the dimensions of cuboid A in theX,y和Z.fields.

使用鼠标滚轮缩小 - 图2。

请注意，通过将指针定位在后台网格上（即不在任何对象上），可以“orbited”是“orbited”。然后在移动鼠标时单击并握住鼠标左键。同样，可以以相同的方式淘汰场景，但也可以持有CTRL键。这些动作需要一些练习。

结果的长方体将具有正确的尺寸，但对象将是“地板” - 图3的一半。

要纠正此功能，请单击Object菜单（选择多维模型）并单击Settle。长方体将重新定位在地板上。如果一切看起来还可以，单击屏幕顶部的勾号 - 图片4。

将长方体A移开，为下一个长方体准备好。通过选择移动图标然后拖动水平调整箭头。

Alternatively, just click and hold the object and drag it with the mouse but be careful not to distort the cuboid (especially if the scale icon is selected as it is easy to resize by accident).

提示 - 执行任何操作后，始终单击Deselect Allbutton at the right hand side of the window. If this is not done, operations intended for one object can be applied to others that are still selected. If theSticky Selection选项是活动的，可以接一个地选择多个对象。

到目前为止通过单击左上角的“3水平线”菜单来保存场景，然后选择“另存为”。文件格式是。3mf（3D制造格式）。

Repeat the above steps for the other cuboids. When finished it should look like Picture 5.

创建楔形界是相同的过程，除了在第一步 - 图1中插入楔形物。

Create all of the wedges.

请注意，浴室屋顶楔将必须旋转90度。选择楔形后，单击旋转图标并输入90作为偏航值。

楔形和长方体的最终集合应该如图2所示。

温室屋顶从楔子开始，然后从中切割两个倾斜末端。

Insert a wedge, select the Size icon and enter the required dimensions from the table - Picture 1.

分裂楔子

With the wedge selected activate the Edit menu and clickSplit- 图片2。

将出现一个绿色平面显示分裂位置 - 图片3。

确保这件事Keep Bottomis selected at the top of the screen - this determines which part of the object will be kept after the split.

点击rotate icon at the bottom of the screen. At this point, it is the rotation of the split plane that will be carried out. The plane is coloured blue to indicate that rotation is active.

Enter and accept 30 degrees as the pitch value - Picture 4.

The plane now needs to be moved to the end of the wedge. Put the mouse pointer on the plane - the pointer becomes a hand symbol. Drag the plane to the right hand end of the wedge so that it aligned with the bottom edge. The move icon is automatically selected during the drag and the plane becomes green - Picture 5.

当平面正确对齐时，单击屏幕顶部的勾号以执行拆分 - 图6。

重复上面的步骤（从“将楔形拆分”）切断楔形的另一端。唯一的区别是分离平面的间距必须设置为-30度。

最终对象应该看起来像图7。

Now we have all of the blocks to make up the house.

要组装模型，请通过单击它来选择块并检查在屏幕底部选择移动图标 - 图片1。

移动it to the required position against another block by dragging the position arrows - Picture 2.

在大多数情况下，块将捕捉在一起，但确保每个块正确定位。

After positioning a block, click theDeselect All屏幕右侧的按钮。如果不是这样做，很容易无意中移动多个街区。

If a block is not aligned with a corner, it can be accurately positioned as follows.

例如，考虑车库块。

Initially position this at the front corner of the house - Picture 3.

From the House Dimensions Drawing it can be seen that the front of the garage is 3000mm from the front corner of the house. To achieve this, edit the Y position by subtracting 3000mm from the current value. The garage block will move into the correct position - Picture 4.

保温管（X位置）和孔屋顶（Z位置）需要相同的定位技术。

Note that the Porch roof, Bathroom roof and Conservatory roof blocks all intersect with other objects. For example, the porch roof is a complete wedge but half of it buried in the adjacent block. This does not matter as the 3D slicing software simplifies the model to ignore such intersections.

组装模型如图5所示。

将模型保存为一个3mf文件。

The purpose of the final 3D printed model is to give Sue a good understanding of the shape of the house, but she did request that the Windows and doors were also indicated.

虽然高度详细的门和窗口的版本看起来很好，但这不是触觉的“概述”模型所必需的。我们决定简单的矩形凹陷就足够了。

The first step was to add the doors and windows to the House Dimensions Drawing. After several hours with a tape measure and a notebook the attached drawing was produced.

'Surely you mean添加窗户和门？

在这种情况下。

该过程将采用窗户或门的宽度和高度的长方体，厚度为200mm。然后将其放置在正确的位置齐平到相关块的表面。然后拉伸窗口长方体，因此它为另一个块表面骄傲。那么窗口长方体减去从模型离开所需的矩形凹陷。

As an example consider the bathroom window.

Create a cuboid with the dimensions X=1136mm, Y=200mm Z=960mm - Picture 1.

Position this above the Porch roof, 3740mm from the floor. It will snap centrally. Make sure the front surface is flush with the front wall - Picture 2.

单击刻度图标并拉伸窗口长方体的正面，以便通过墙壁 - 图片3突出。

This is necessary as subtracting a flush object sometimes leaves a thin sheet over the front of the depression

点击Edit Menu and selectSubtract。将无需留下所需的200mm深窗凹陷 - 图4。

对所有其他窗口和门重复这一点。

请注意，一些窗口块必须旋转90度。选择块，单击旋转图标并输入90作为偏航值。

Hint - only one selected object can be subtracted at a time.

The resulting model is shown in pictures 5 and 6.

将模型保存为一个3mf file.

If desired, the model can be painted.

点击全选在屏幕的右侧 - 图片1。

选择画菜单。

点击一下选择menu and chose / create the desired colour (e.g. orange for the brickwork).

单击要彩色的块上的鼠标 - 图片2。

选择另一种颜色（例如，屋顶的红色）。

请注意，滑块确定每次单击绘制的数量。滑块完全右侧意味着整个块将是有色的。

将滑块移动到左侧允许各个面部着色。

The last two pictures shows the fully painted model.

不要忘记将模型保存为3MF文件。我附上我的彩色3MF文件，您可以加载到3D Builder或Prusa Slicer。

我使用一个Prusa i3 Mk2型3 d公关inter.

Prusa发布了一个优秀的“切片”程序，将.3MF（和其他3D格式）文件转换为“G代码”。此代码保存在SD卡上，然后可以插入打印机，以允许模型成为3D打印的。

下载Prusa Slicer from here:https://www.prusa3d.com/drivers/

运行程序并加载房屋的.3mf文件（文件菜单，打开项目）。

可能会出现对话：

This file contains several objects at multiple heights. Instead of considering them as multiple objects, should I consider this file as a single object having multiple parts?

点击是的。

将出现另一个对话：

your object appears to be too large, so it was automatically scaled down to fit your print bed.

这是因为我们的模型以全尺寸构建。点击好的。

A scaled down version will appear - Picture 1.

这对于我们目的来说仍然太大，因此应调整到所需值的大小。一个型号为10cm前后的模型是合适的，因此将y尺寸变为100mm - 图2。

As long as the padlock symbol to the left of the Scale factors and sizes is locked, the X and Z sizes are automatically adjusted to maintain the model proportions.

由于该模型具有水平凸起（例如门廊屋顶）支撑材料（'脚手架'）必须印刷以防止下垂。印刷后，载体材料可以轻松损坏。

点击打印设置标签并选择支持材料在左手侧。

勾选Generate Support Materialbox - 图片3.将出现一个对话

如果启用了以下功能 - 检测桥接参数，则支持工作更好。我应该调整这些设置是否有支持？

点击是的。

点击洒板tab.

点击切片现在按钮at the bottom right of the screen - Picture 4.

The support material is shown in green - Picture 5.

将SD卡插入计算机。将出口到SD卡按钮 - 图片6。

点击this and save the model to the SD card.

保存后，弹出SD卡按钮将显示 - 图7。

单击此按钮并删除SD卡。

对于PRUSA I3 MK 2，程序如下：

预热打印机for PLA。

装载所需的灯丝（在我的情况下棕色PLA）。

将SD卡插入Prusa 3D打印机。

选择“从SD打印”。

选择House G code file and press theGo按钮。

Sit back while the printer produces the physical model.

Printing time at 0.15mm layer height is 6 hours 11 minutes.

使用载体材料的成品打印在前五张图片中示出。

Carefully remove the model from the print bed. I recommend using bespoke tools for this as they are less likely to damage the bed surface - I use a pair of tools fromReptor- 图片6。

Remove the support material from the model - this breaks away easily.

最终模型示于图片7,8和9中。

Sue is very pleased with the model. For the first time she has a full appreciation of the shape of our home.

An insight into the world of the blind may be gained from Sue's comment on first feeling the model“我以为车库屋顶是另一方面的。'！

I hope that his Instructable will help anyone starting out in the world of 3D design with Microsoft 3D Builder. I have been very impressed with the capabilities of the program. I have used it to create (and print) more complex models such as the solar farm substation shown in the pictures attached.

一如既往地，米莉导狗有她的说法 - 查看最终图片。

这是我在大的挑战中的进入 - 如果你发现这种可指示的有趣，请留言！