简介:黑板V-PLOTTER

在这种说明中,我想分享如何构建一个垂直绘图仪,可以在黑板上绘制文本和图像。
让我们入门。
Time-lapse video with hatch fill extension from Inkscape.
第1步:材料清单
Main components:
- 1pcs xArduino Mega 2560。
- 1pcs x斜坡1.4控制器。
- 2pcs xA4988步进驱动模块。
- 2pcs xStepper Motor NEMA 17。
- 1pcs x伺服电机SG90。
- 1pcs xBlackboard Dimension 780x1200mm.
- 1pcs xGT2 6mm同步带2000mm.
- 2pcs x GT2 Timing Pulley 80 Teeth.
- 2PCS X XH2.54mm - 4p 20cm线电缆双连接器。
- 2 meter x 8P Rainbow Ribbon Cable.
- 2米x两个核心电源线。
- 1米X PVC方形塑料电气管道。
- 1PCS X空塑料线圈阀芯。我重复使用用于卷绕焊接锡线的空塑料线圈。
- 2pcs x Cable Gland For 8 - 12mm Cable Diameter.
- 16.pcs xRound Neodymium Magnets 10mm x 2mm。
- 1PCS X电源12/24 VDC。
- 1pcs xArduino programming cable with length 1.8m.
- 一些螺母M10,电缆扎带,纸A1尺寸。
Step 2: Ideas
黑板V-绘图仪是一种CNC绘图仪,通过在垂直表面上移动笔来绘制文本和图片。它具有简单的机械结构,包括:
- One blackboard.
- Two stepper motors with pulleys and belts.
- 一支笔起重微伺服。
- Couple of counterweights.
- 和重力力。
I have an 780 x 1200mm blackboard that my kids no longer use, so I make use of it to build a vertical plotter. My vertical plotter configuration is described in the picture below.
- 机宽度:550mm。
- Machine Height: 800mm.
- 皮带长度:1000mm。
Step 3: Blackboard Assembly
- 准备黑板,我的黑板有外部尺寸780 x 1200 mm,包括铝支撑宽度30mm。
- Drilling 2 holes for mounting 2 stepper motors, the distance between two hole centers is 600mm.
- Mounting 2 stepper motors at the backside of blackboard.
- Attaching 2 pcs x pulleys 80 teeth to the motor shafts at the blackboard frontside. Pulley GT2 80 teeth has a pitch of 2mm per tooth so its diameter is: 80x2/PI = 50.955mm.
- 将4个孔钻到Arduino Mega 2560 + Ramps 1.4板上的黑板顶部中心。
第4步:笔夹组件
The main components to build the pen holder are including as follow:
- 流量耦合器,包括防尘帽。
- Empty tin wire plastic coil with center hole diameter 19mm, height 23mm and outer diameter 55mm.
- GT2 6mm定时带2000mm和两个电缆腺,8 - 12毫米直径。电缆。我使用了2种电缆腺,一个是由塑料制成的,另一个来自金属。
首先,我将2M定时带切成两个段,每个段1米长。要挂笔支架,我将链条从流量耦合移除,并通过电缆连接将它们连接到2个定时带。
将两个电缆腺插入空塑料线圈的中心孔中。我沿着塑料线圈对称地钻了8个孔并安装了4个螺栓M3x50,以悬挂定时带。后来我们可以使用这些螺栓悬挂额外的配重。
I glued a servo at bottom of plastic coil (at metal cable gland side) and soldered 3 wires from servo to RAMPS 1.4 controller. Finally, pen holder was hung on the motor stepper pulleys. I moved it manually and checked if it slipped or not.
更新: The pen holder was shaked and vibrated during plotting so I had to did some adjustments to get its balancing. The steps are as follows:
- Adding some more counterweights - nuts M10.
- 用圆形塑料,直径100毫米,厚度为10mm,将锡丝塑料线圈连接。
- Glueing the micro servo into round plastic and adjusting the servo arm so that it is as close to the pen tip as possible.
- 安装笔,拧紧电缆腺以夹紧并尝试通过旋转伺服臂抬起并降低笔。
- 完成。它的工作要好得多。
第5步:连接
原理图
The V-Plotter connection diagram is shown below:
The main controllers of vertical plotter are an Arduino Mega 2560 and RAMPS 1.4. They control 2 stepper motors via A4988 drivers and one servo motor.
Notes:
- 为了使VPLotter正常运行,两个步进电机应沿相反方向旋转,因此我必须扭转右侧电机的电线。
- The RAMPS 1.4 provides four servo male headers tied to pins D11, D6, D5 & D4. My pen lift micro servo is controlled by pin D11.
- 关于伺服电源,我连接vcc.and5Vpins together (using jumper, 5V & Vcc headers for servo power supply are located nearby RESET button) following to the instructions from this page:https://reprap.org/wiki/RAMPS_1.4
“斜坡上的连接器中的5V引脚仅将5V提供给辅助伺服连接器。它的设计使您可以将其跳转到VCC引脚,并使用Arduino的电源来供应5V,以供额外的伺服电源,如果您仅从USB或5V供电。由于arduino的电源没有大量额外的电源,如果您有一个,您可以直接将其连接到5V电源。如果您没有计划添加额外的伺服电源,您也可以将此引脚留下未连接“。
2. V-Plotter connection
- Hanging this pen holder on 2 pulleys of stepper motors, connecting all wires. For programming cable, I used an HP printer cable with length about 1.8m (HP Original 8121-0868 USB 2.0 A to B A-B Printer Cable) and it was pre-threaded inside the square plastic conduit.
- 为了整齐地和美观地布置电缆,我使用了PVC方形塑料电气管道以在内部运行布线。此外,根据A1纸张尺寸,八个钕磁铁在黑板背面粘合。
- Covering plastic conduit. Done.
- 准备A1纸进行测试。
第6步:V-PLOTER固件
我用了Makelangelo firmware在这个github那which was created and developed by丹·罗伊尔-Marginally Clever Robots那Limited。Makelangelo firmware can be used in many different controllers and kinematic systems.
- 支持机器人款式
#define偏光图1 //偏光图如makelangelo #define tradicidencexy 3 //龙门3轴设置。#define corexy 2 //龙门corexy设置。#define zarplotter 4 // 4电机,x形2d运动#define skycam 5 // 4电机,x形3d运动#define delta 6 // 3 arm delta机器人,旋转动作。未经测试。#define Stewart 7 // 6 Arm Stewart平台,旋转动作。未经测试。#define arm3 8 // 3dof托盘式机器人手臂。#define sixi 9 // 6dof机器人手臂。#define传统6 10 // 6轴机,没有限制。#define scara 11 // 2轴萨拉。
- 微控制器支持
#define board_rumba 1 //重婚折扣rumba板#define board_ramps 2 // mega2560 +斜坡1.4 #define board_sguinolulu 3 // sanguinolulu #define board_teensylu 4 // teensylu #define board_wemos 5 // wemos d1 r2 + cnc盾v3(参见board_wemos。
Step 7: Firmware Adjustment
我对Mekalangelo固件进行了一些调整,使其与绘图仪兼容。细节如下:
- “configure.h“:垂直绘图仪的配置设置
- 绘图仪类型:偏光图
- 控制器:Arduino Mega 2560 + Ramps 1.4
-No LCD
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Robot styles supported //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #define MACHINE_STYLE POLARGRAPH //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // LCD panels supported //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #define LCD_TYPE LCD_NONE //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Microcontrollers supported //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #define MOTHERBOARD BOARD_RAMPS
- “robot_polargraph.h.“: Configuration settings for polargraph
-Version: MAKELANGELO_5
-With Pen Lift.
- 没有LCD - 没有SDCard - 没有限位开关。
#define machine_hardware_version makelangelo_5 //更改我#define machine_has_liftable_pen .......................。。。。。。。。。。 #if MACHINE_HARDWARE_VERSION == MAKELANGELO_5 #ifndef MAX_SEGMENTS #define MAX_SEGMENTS (32) #endif //#define USE_LIMIT_SWITCH //#define HAS_SD //#define HAS_LCD #endif
- “configMotors.h“:步进电机和滑轮设置
- 我使用了步进电机Nema 17与Step Angel:1.8°。So the number of steps required for stepper motors to make 1 complete revolution:200步/转。
-A4988 micro-steps setting:16.。
- 我使用了GT2同步带,每个牙齿的音高为2mm,GT2-80滑轮具有80颗牙齿。价值80x2=160mm(PULLEY_PITCH)表示步进电机使1旋转的滑轮(滑轮直径= 160 / PI = 50.9mm)的行进距离。
#pragma once /* * Motor settings shared between various kinematic systems */ // choose one of the following #define NORMAL_MOTOR_STEPS 200 // 1.8 degrees per step // stepper motor drivers can use microstepping to split steps into fractions of steps for greater precision. // A4988 drivers (Marginallyclever.com default) use 16x. #ifndef MICROSTEPS #define MICROSTEPS (16.0) #endif // Using GT2 timing belt, which has 2mm teeth. // I also use GT2-80 pulleys which have 80 teeth. // 80*2 means the pitch is 160. #define PULLEY_PITCH (160.0) #if NORMAL_MOTOR_STEPS == 200 #define DEFAULT_FEEDRATE (180.0) #define DEFAULT_ACCELERATION (150.0) #define DEGREES_PER_STEP (1.8) #endif #if NORMAL_MOTOR_STEPS == 400 #define DEFAULT_FEEDRATE (100.0) #define DEFAULT_ACCELERATION (150.0) #define DEGREES_PER_STEP (0.9) #endif
- “board_ramps.h“:Arduino Mega 2560针设置
Take note that the RAMPS 1.4 provides four servo male headers tied to pins D11, D6, D5 & D4. I used pin D11 for controlling pen lift micro servo.
#define max_board_servos(1)/ *默认值:4 * / #define servo0_pin(11)/ *默认值:11 - 伺服1 * / #define servo1_pin(6)#define servo2_pin(5)#define servo3_pin(4)
第8步:用户界面
Makelangelo software是一个计算机工具,包含配置和导出垂直绘图仪的打印文件所需的一切。它允许我们调整绘图仪配置,纸张尺寸,笔升降微伺服设置....此外,它还具有用于将图像转换为GCODE并将其发送到绘图仪控制器的工具。
我们可以参考如何使用MakelangeGo软件:https://mcr.dozuki.com/guide/5.+makelangelo+softwa ...
- Open Makelangelo software and connect to Arduino Mega 2560.
- 我们应该检查步进电机方向和旅行距离:来自“Manual Driving“drop-down list, click buttons left, right, up, down, with optional travel distances of 1, 10, 100mm.
- 点击笔起/笔下来buttons to check the micro servo functioning.
- Click on "设置“选项卡并配置机器。
- 型号:Makelangelo(定制)。
- 机器宽度:550(mm)。
- 机床高度:800(mm)。
-Acceleration: 10 (mm/s²).
- 设置纸张尺寸和边距。
- 设置笔并绘制速度。通过调整伺服角度值,提升速度和“,可以校准笔升/下的笔升起/下降Test“ 纽扣。
- 单击内置功能“生成艺术”,选择图和调整任何额外的标准ameters we want to draw.
- Click on "打开文件“to select the images. Makelangelo software can converts the JPG, PNG, BMP, GIF, or DXF/SVG images into GCODE in several styles of conversion format, such as:
-Boxxy
-Multipass
- 交联
- PUSLE LINE.
- 脉冲螺旋
- 等等 ...
Step 9: Testing
我写了一个小Excel templateto simulate a vertical plotter. Realistically speaking, Excel is a useful tool and it has been used in most of my works or D.I.Y projects that I have gone through.
我们进入X,Y坐标,Excel模板将模拟笔位置,以及从滑轮到笔的皮带长度,从滑轮到配重。
要执行第一次测试,我点击了内置功能“生成艺术“那selected a "Your message here“在下拉列表中,选择大小和字体,键入消息然后单击”Start“。
And this is the result.
我们可以看到它在下面的视频上的工作方式:
测试“lissajous.“来自”的图表生成艺术“ 标签。
Continue to test "Spirograph“from "生成艺术“ 标签。
“周二“是我女儿的名字,她很兴奋地着色她的名字。结果看起来真的醒目。
I tried to draw a portrait.
结果让我感到惊讶。看起来很棒!
We can export an image in DXF/ SVG format from Inkscape with hatch fill extensions then open this DXF/ SVG file in Makelangelo, simply clickStart进行。
第10步: Finish
以下是黑板V-PLOTTER项目的其他一些图片。多亏了丹罗伊耶 - 边缘聪明的机器人,有限- 适用于伟大的固件和软件。
谢谢你的阅读!

是第一个分享
Did you make this project? Share it with us!
19讨论
3天前
精彩的项目和实施。
我想知道我们是否可以说服这个机器人也切割乙烯基;)
小费3天前
把一些感觉放在配重上,这样他们就不会擦在墙上。安静更好。
If you want a fully assembled polargraph, I have them ready for you at a great price:http://makelangelo.com
如果您想与其他志同体的人交谈,关于机器人,特别是偏振图,请找到我们https://discosd.gg/q5tzfmb.
回复3天前
非常感谢这个技巧。来自边缘聪明的机器人的固件和软件都很惊人!
4 days ago on第10步
哇!
回复4 days ago
谢谢!
题7 days ago onStep 2
Very nice!! I would like to build one. Can you share a source or sources for the components? THANKS!!!
答案5天前
谢谢!构建此V-PLOTTER的组件在步骤1.中列出您只需复制零件名称并在Google中搜索它们。他们很容易买到。请通过电子邮件联系我:tuenhi.n2012@gmail.com.for any part which was not clarified.
5 days ago
哇哇哇!!
你得到了我的投票!!
回复5天前
谢谢!!!
6天前
This project is so amazing, I love it!
6天前回复
谢谢!我很高兴你喜欢它。
10.days ago
很好!我有一个类似的设置,但您没有显示出高级工程。- 你能告诉我们更多关于归巢和/或Makelangelo的家庭职位吗?你如何找到原始职位?
6天前回复
谢谢!因为没有停止(限制switc结束hes) in my plotter configuration so I have to move the pen holder in Tab "Manual Driving" manually to expected position and click "Set home". My plotter home position is located nearby the bottom-middle of blackboard if I use A1 size paper.
10.days ago
嗨非常好的项目......但我想问你第一个视频中使用的音乐谢谢!毛里利奥
回复10.days ago
谢谢!For the music, you can search "Satya Yuga" in Youtube Audio library.
10.days ago
Great work!How to use Inkscape hatch fill extensions to obtain DXF/SVG format images?
回复10.days ago
谢谢!对于Inkscape填充填充扩展,您可以在此链接之后在步骤15中查看我的说明://www.sledutah.com/3-axis-cnc-plotter-from-dc-motors-and-optical-enco//
12天前
好的项目。专业地完成!
回复12天前
Thank you so much!